STING immune activation of microglia aggravating neurovascular unit damage in diabetic retinopathy
Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Mar 28:S0891-5849(25)00192-3. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.03.042. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness and is pathologically characterized by neuroinflammation and neovascularization. Retinal homeostasis is critically maintained by the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU), which can be disrupted by abnormal activation of microglia in DR. However, the […]
The Causal Relationship and Association between Biomarkers, Dietary Intake, and Diabetic Retinopathy: Insights from Mendelian Randomization and Cross-Sectional Study
Diabetes Metab J. 2025 Mar 31. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2024.0731. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of vision loss, linked to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Despite advancements in DR treatments, approximately 40% of patients do not respond effectively, underscoring the need for novel, noninvasive biomarkers to predict DR risk […]
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase/1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate-NADH as Key Determinants in Controlling Human Retinal Endothelial Cellular Functions: Insights from Glycolytic Screening
J Biol Chem. 2025 Mar 28:108472. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108472. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Maintaining barrier integrity, along with cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and the subsequent process of cell spreading, are essential functions of endothelial cells, including human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). Disruptions in these processes can lead to vision-threatening conditions like diabetic retinopathy. […]
p53-binding Protein Inhibits Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species by Increasing the Expression of Metallothioneins
Anticancer Res. 2025 Apr;45(4):1535-1545. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.17535. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND/AIM: Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is essential for normal cell function and signaling, can induce oxidative stress that leads to cellular damage and various diseases, including cancer, thereby underscoring the crucial role of intracellular antioxidant systems in maintaining ROS balance. The p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) […]
Mitochondrial DNA Pathogenic Variants in Ophthalmic Diseases: A Review
Genes (Basel). 2025 Mar 17;16(3):347. doi: 10.3390/genes16030347. ABSTRACT Mitochondria are vital organelles responsible for ATP production and metabolic regulation, essential for energy-intensive cells such as retinal ganglion cells. Dysfunction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) pathogenic variants can disrupt ATP synthesis, cause oxidative stress, and lead to cell death. This has profound implications […]
Running a genetic stop sign accelerates oxygen metabolism and energy production in horses
Science. 2025 Mar 28;387(6741):eadr8589. doi: 10.1126/science.adr8589. Epub 2025 Mar 28. ABSTRACT Horses are among nature’s greatest athletes, yet the ancestral molecular adaptations fueling their energy demands are poorly understood. Within a clinically important pathway regulating redox and metabolic homeostasis (NRF2/KEAP1), we discovered an ancient mutation-conserved in all extant equids-that increases mitochondrial respiration while decreasing tissue-damaging […]
Spermidine mitigates blue-light-induced corneal injury by alleviating oxidative stress and restoring autophagy impairment
Exp Eye Res. 2025 Mar 24:110360. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2025.110360. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT This study investigated the protective efficacy of spermidine on corneal epithelium exposed to photodamage from artificial blue light (BL). After six weeks of BL exposure, the rabbit cornea exhibited epithelial injury and delayed wound healing accompanied by downregulation of spermidine, as identified […]
Nucleolar ribosomal RNA synthesis continues in differentiating lens fiber cells until abrupt nuclear degradation required for ocular lens transparency
RNA Biol. 2025 Mar 24. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2025.2483118. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Cellular differentiation requires highly coordinated action of all three transcriptional systems to produce rRNAs, mRNAs, and various ‘short’ and ‘long’ non-coding RNAs by RNA Polymerase I, II, and III systems, respectively. The RNA Polymerase I catalyzes transcription of about 400 copies of mammalian […]
Future applications of fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy in neuro-ophthalmology, neurology, and neurodegenerative conditions
Front Neurol. 2025 Mar 7;16:1493876. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1493876. eCollection 2025. ABSTRACT Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) has emerged as an innovative advancement in retinal imaging, with the potential to provide in vivo non-invasive insights into the mitochondrial metabolism of the retina. Traditional retinal imaging, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) intensity imaging, […]
Elucidating Molecule-Crosstalk of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Between Cardiovascular Disease and Psoriasis: Insights Into Mendelian Randomization, Single-Cell RNA Analysis, Shared Targets and the Role of Resveratrol
J Inflamm Res. 2025 Mar 17;18:3913-3935. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S493416. eCollection 2025. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) associated with hypertension and psoriasis (PSO) are linked by poor prognosis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in both conditions, but the mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS: We integrated bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, mendelian randomization, immune microenvironment analysis, and […]