The Role of Endothelial Senescence in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 29;26(11):5211. doi: 10.3390/ijms26115211. ABSTRACT Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Key drivers of DR include mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, which lead to premature senescence of cells within the retinal vasculature. Senolytics improve outcomes in both animal models and in […]
Nitric Oxide may Adversely Affect the Metabolism and Viability of Retinal Organoids Derived from Patients with Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Am J Pathol. 2025 Jun 9:S0002-9440(25)00188-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2025.05.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a bilateral optic neuropathy associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations characterized by parapapillary telangiectasia during the acute phase. However, its precise mechanism remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on retinal organoids […]
Mitochondria in oxidative stress, inflammation and aging: from mechanisms to therapeutic advances
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Jun 11;10(1):190. doi: 10.1038/s41392-025-02253-4. ABSTRACT Mitochondria are the energy production centers in cells and have unique genetic information. Due to the irreplaceable function of mitochondria, mitochondrial dysfunction often leads to pathological changes. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces an imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, mitochondrial dynamics dysregulation, and changes […]
Deciphering mitochondrial dysfunction in keratoconus: Insights into ACSL4 from machine learning-based bulk and single-cell transcriptome analyses and experimental validation
Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2025 May 14;27:1962-1974. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2025.05.013. eCollection 2025. ABSTRACT Keratoconus (KC) is a prevalent ectatic corneal disease and the leading cause of corneal transplantation globally. Despite evidence of mitochondrial abnormalities in KC, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our aim was to investigate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in this pathological condition. Based […]
Autologous Serum from Sjögren’s Syndrome Patients Mitigates Ferroptosis in Hyperosmolarity-Induced Corneal Epitheliopathy
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2025 Jun 11. doi: 10.1089/jop.2025.0025. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the role of autologous serum (AS) in alleviating hyperosmolarity-induced corneal epitheliopathy via the ferroptosis pathway. Methods: AS was extracted and prepared from patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. An in vitro hyperosmotic dry eye model was established by exposing HCE-T […]
Natural products for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration: New insights focusing on mitochondrial quality control and cGAS/STING pathway
J Pharm Anal. 2025 May;15(5):101145. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101145. Epub 2024 Nov 16. ABSTRACT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that affects the vision of elderly individuals worldwide. Although current therapeutics have shown effectiveness against AMD, some patients may remain unresponsive and continue to experience disease progression. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of the mechanism underlying AMD pathogenesis […]
RAGE Is Essential for Subretinal Fibrosis in Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization: Therapeutic Implications
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025 Jun 2;66(6):30. doi: 10.1167/iovs.66.6.30. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Subretinal fibrosis, a complication of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), involves the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells as a contributing mechanism. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor implicated in fibrotic diseases, but its role […]
Corneal Sensory Denervation Causes Epithelial Ferroptosis and Delayed Healing in Mice
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025 Jun 2;66(6):28. doi: 10.1167/iovs.66.6.28. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: This study aimed to elucidate the role and mechanism of corneal nerves in regulating epithelial cell response against ferroptosis. METHODS: Denervated mouse models were established via surgical axotomy and capsaicin treatment. Monochlorobimane staining was employed to detect cellular glutathione (GSH) levels in the corneal […]
A gatekeeper sympathetic control of lacrimal tear secretion and dry eye onset through the NA-Adra1a-Ucp2 pathway
Nat Commun. 2025 Jun 5;16(1):5215. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-60476-z. ABSTRACT Tear secretion from the lacrimal gland is essential for maintaining ocular surface homeostasis, and its insufficiency causes aqueous-deficient dry eye. Unlike the well-established parasympathetic neuronal regulation, the role of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in tear secretion remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate the intact sympathetic innervation in lacrimal […]
TFOS DEWS III Digest Report
Am J Ophthalmol. 2025 Jun 3:S0002-9394(25)00276-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2025.05.040. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT This digest summarises the interdisciplinary research in dry eye disease (DED) published since the 2017 TFOS DEWS II reports. It comprises seven topics including Sex, Gender, and Hormones, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Tear Film, Pain and Sensation, Iatrogenic and Clinical Trial Design and explores […]