Mitophagy and Noncoding RNA Regulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Mechanisms, Tissue-Specific Evidence and Translational Perspective
Biomedicines. 2026 Aug 24;14(9):1886. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14091886. ABSTRACT Despite significant therapeutic advances, T2DM remains a global public health challenge that leads to multiple complications, including cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy remain fundamental, yet incompletely understood, mechanisms driving pancreatic β-cell failure, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and diabetic complications. Emerging evidence indicates […]
Infrared exposure improves human colour vision undermined by LED light
PLoS One. 2026 Sep 25;21(9):e0345340. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0345340. eCollection 2026. ABSTRACT Life evolved under sunlight (200-4000nm). Incandescent lighting was similar (200-3000nm). But modern light-emitting diodes (LED) produce only a narrow band of visible light (400-700nm), eliminating >90% of the solar spectrum. Light impacts life, partly through mitochondrial modulation with different wavelengths triggering opposing metabolic responses. Longer […]
BMAL1 in cardiovascular diseases: Molecular mechanisms, circadian regulation and translational perspectives (Review)
Mol Med Rep. 2026 Nov;34(5):321. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2026.14032. Epub 2026 Sep 25. ABSTRACT Brain and muscle ARNT‑like 1 (BMAL1) is a core transcription factor of the molecular circadian clock and links daily timing with cardiovascular electrophysiology, metabolism, vascular function and inflammation. Altered BMAL1 expression or rhythmicity has been reported in arrhythmias, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and […]
Resveratrol attenuates diabetic RGC degeneration through TRIM23-dependent VDAC1 ubiquitination and mitophagy
Cell Commun Signal. 2026 Jul 24;24(1):508. doi: 10.1186/s12964-026-03105-6. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) degeneration is an early event in diabetic retinopathy (DR), tightly coupled to mitochondrial dysfunction. While the mitochondrial gatekeeper voltage-dependent anion channel 1(VDAC1) is a known mediator of apoptosis, its regulation and therapeutic targeting in diabetic RGCs remain unclear. METHODS: We examined […]
Ferroptosis and Ferro-Aging in Obesity: Bibliometric Mapping, Shared Mechanisms, and Translational Perspectives
Metabolites. 2026 Sep 18;16(9):691. doi: 10.3390/metabo16090691. ABSTRACT Background: Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by lipid overload, low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and progressive organ dysfunction. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has been increasingly implicated in obesity-related complications. However, an acute cell death-centered model does not fully explain […]
Update on the Physiopathology of Keratoconus
Med Sci (Basel). 2026 Sep 17;14(5):579. doi: 10.3390/medsci14050579. ABSTRACT Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive corneal ectasia characterized by stromal thinning, steepening, and biomechanical instability. Although historically considered primarily a structural disorder, current evidence supports a multifactorial pathogenesis involving complex interactions among biomechanical, molecular, cellular, inflammatory, neurobiological, and environmental mechanisms. This narrative review provides an updated […]
Smartphone-Based 3D Ocular Reconstruction for Automated Quantitative Blepharoptosis Evaluation
JAMA Ophthalmol. 2026 Sep 24. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.4120. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IMPORTANCE: External ocular examination is central to ptosis evaluation, yet it often relies on manual, experience-dependent measurements with variable accuracy and reproducibility. OBJECTIVE: To develop and prospectively evaluate the Digital Rulers of Ptosis (DRP), a smartphone-based 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction system for automated quantitative […]
Novel Na(V)1.6-Mitochondrial Complexes in Retinal Astrocyte Pockets Sequester GABA
Glia. 2026 Nov;74(11):e70238. doi: 10.1002/glia.70238. ABSTRACT Voltage-gated sodium channels are best known for their capacity to generate and propagate electrical currents in neurons and muscle. Their expression in glial cells may also be of great importance given these cells’ involvement in various disease processes. Here we identify a previously unrecognized voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.6-enriched microdomain […]
Inhibition of STING Protects the Neuroretina in an Ndufs4 Knockout Mouse Model of Mitochondrial Complex 1 Deficiency
Exp Eye Res. 2026 Sep 23:111238. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2026.111238. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Ndufs4 encodes a key subunit of mitochondrial complex I, and its mutation causes NADH dehydrogenase deficiency associated with Leigh syndrome and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. In Ndufs4 knockout (KO) mice, vision loss occurs alongside an “inflammatory wave” that disrupts neuroretinal function. […]
Photobiology in ophthalmology: from evolutionary adaptation to translational therapeutics
Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2026 Sep 23. doi: 10.1007/s10384-026-01421-5. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Life has evolved under continuous exposure to solar light, and the emergence of the eye during the Cambrian period is thought to have accelerated biological diversification. Beyond vision, light acts as a biological regulator of metabolism and tissue organization. To elucidate ocular […]