Mitogenomic architecture and phylogenetic placement of Ctenophthalmus yunnanus and Frontopsylla diqingensis: insights from comparative genomics
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Oct 29;12:1683581. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1683581. eCollection 2025. ABSTRACT Fleas are among the most common hematophagous ectoparasites of mammals. In addition to causing allergic dermatitis and anemia, they can transmit various pathogens. Currently, molecular data on fleas remain relatively scarce. This study sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of Ctenophthalmus yunnanus (first mitogenome reported) […]
Identification and validation of key mitophagy-related biomarkers in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Oct 29;16:1652898. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1652898. eCollection 2025. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) represents its advanced stage. The etiology of PDR is complex. Mitophagy, the selective degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria, is crucial for cellular homeostasis and has […]
Recessive variants in mitochondrial Complex I nuclear subunits are an underrated cause of optic atrophy
Brain. 2025 Nov 14:awaf422. doi: 10.1093/brain/awaf422. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Our understanding of the genetic landscape of inherited optic neuropathies has grown significantly over the past decades, and it is now known to involve many genes found in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, exhibiting all possible inheritance patterns. Furthermore, pathogenic variants in nuclear […]
The roles of glycerophospholipids in the aging retina and age-related macular degeneration
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov 13. doi: 10.1007/s00417-025-07011-4. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Glycerophospholipids (GPs) are integral constituents of cellular membranes, and play a crucial role in the regulation of lipid metabolism homeostasis and physiological conditions. However, pathological alterations associated with aging, such as variations in plasma GP concentrations, disruptions in intercellular GP […]
Photobiomodulation Acutely Augments Resting Metabolism in Women with Obesity
Nutrients. 2025 Oct 25;17(21):3357. doi: 10.3390/nu17213357. ABSTRACT Background/Objectives: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive, low-level laser treatment shown to improve insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and obesity-related inflammation. This study examined whether PBM could acutely enhance mitochondrial efficiency and energy metabolism in women with obesity. Methods: In a randomized, crossover within-subject design, 16 women with obesity (43 […]
Aging and Corneal Nerve Health: Mechanisms of Degeneration and Emerging Therapies for the Cornea
Cells. 2025 Nov 4;14(21):1730. doi: 10.3390/cells14211730. ABSTRACT Corneal nerves play a crucial role in maintaining ocular surface homeostasis by supporting the functional integrity of corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells; modulating tear secretion; and facilitating sensory responses essential for overall ocular health. With advancing age, these highly specialized peripheral sensory fibers undergo progressive attrition and […]
Therapeutic Modulation of the Nox2-Hv1-ROS Axis by Botulinum Neurotoxin A Confers Protection Against CoCl2-Induced Retinal Hypoxic Injury
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Nov 6;26(21):10806. doi: 10.3390/ijms262110806. ABSTRACT Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are key drivers of various ocular diseases. Experimental hypoxia, modeled using cobalt chloride (CoCl2), induces hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) stabilization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, primarily via the NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2)-voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 axis. Although […]
Update on Nicotinamide and Its Application in the Management of Glaucoma
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Nov 6;26(21):10789. doi: 10.3390/ijms262110789. ABSTRACT Glaucoma continues to be a primary contributor to permanent vision loss worldwide, frequently advancing even when intraocular pressure management is clinically adequate. Accumulating research emphasizes the metabolic susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), specifically concerning the progressive depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a pivotal […]
Dry Eye Disease and Psychiatric Disorders: Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Nov 3;26(21):10699. doi: 10.3390/ijms262110699. ABSTRACT Dry eye disease (DED) is a highly prevalent multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface that extends beyond local tear film pathology to involve systemic immune, neuroendocrine, and neurosensory mechanisms. Increasing evidence reveals a strong and bidirectional association between DED and psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, anxiety, […]
Diet, Exercise, and Lifestyle in Glaucoma: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Nutrients. 2025 Oct 27;17(21):3369. doi: 10.3390/nu17213369. ABSTRACT Glaucoma is a major ocular neurodegenerative disease and a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with prevalence projected to exceed 110 million by 2040. Although lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the only proven treatment, glaucoma arises from a complex interplay of genetic, local, and systemic factors-including oxidative stress, […]