Oxidative Stress in Glaucomatous Retinal Ganglion Cell Injury: Mechanisms and Neuroprotective Strategies
Exp Eye Res. 2026 Jan 2:110837. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2025.110837. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Glaucoma is one of the major causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. The disease is characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and recent evidence supports a key role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis. In this review, we systematically […]
A superoxide anion-responsive persulfide prodrug for remedying dry eye disease
J Control Release. 2026 Jan 2:114600. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2026.114600. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular surface disorder in which current therapies fail to achieve complete symptomatic relief. Given the pivotal role of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vicious cycle of DED, effective strategies for ROS elimination remain […]
Atypical clinical and MRI features in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: a case series of four patients
Neurol Sci. 2026 Jan 2;47(1):82. doi: 10.1007/s10072-025-08645-2. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial disorder typically presenting with subacute, painless, bilateral vision loss in young individuals. While often recognizable, atypical presentations can complicate diagnosis. Notably, optic nerve lesions on MRI are uncommon in LHON and are typically associated with inflammatory optic neuropathies, […]
Identification of prognostic genes associated with mitochondria and macrophage polarization in prostate adenocarcinoma based on transcriptome and Mendelian randomization analysis
Discov Oncol. 2025 Dec 31. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-03858-5. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is a common malignancy in the male genitourinary system, with growing evidence linking its progression to mitochondrial function and macrophage polarization. This study identifies prognostic genes associated with these factors in PRAD through integrated transcriptomic data analysis and Mendelian […]
Comment on: “Identification of macrophage polarisation and mitochondrial-related biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy”
J Transl Med. 2025 Dec 30;23(1):1435. doi: 10.1186/s12967-025-07457-4. NO ABSTRACT PMID:41469915 | DOI:10.1186/s12967-025-07457-4
Thalidomide Synergistically Regulates Cell Cycle and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Alleviate RPE Oxidative Damage Through the E2F2-FBXO5 Pathway
FASEB J. 2026 Jan 15;40(1):e71387. doi: 10.1096/fj.202502444R. ABSTRACT Thalidomide, a glutamate derivative with teratogenicity, possesses anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-angiogenic properties that enable its use in treating refractory diseases unresponsive to conventional therapies. Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration and lacking effective therapies, represents a significant unmet medical need. Our […]
Cetalkonium Chloride Induced a Dose-Dependent Toxicity on Corneal Endothelial Cells
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2025 Dec 12. doi: 10.1177/10807683251405795. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Purpose: Cetalkonium chloride (CKC) is a cationic agent used in ophthalmical emulsions. Despite its growing application in ocular drug delivery, its safety profile on corneal endothelial cells remains unclear. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic effects of CKC on human […]
When Mitochondria Falter, the Barrier Fails: Mechanisms of Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier (iBRB) Injury and Opportunities for Mitochondria-Targeted Repair
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Dec 12;26(24):11984. doi: 10.3390/ijms262411984. ABSTRACT As the central hub of retinal metabolism, mitochondria are vital for sustaining the integrity of the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB), which is fundamental to retinal homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction accelerates severe iBRB disruption, a process which is increasingly implicated in a cascade of mitochondrial pathologies including […]
HDGF Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium from Glyoxal-Induced Ferroptosis via SIRT1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 Pathway
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Nov 28;14(12):1434. doi: 10.3390/antiox14121434. ABSTRACT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is driven in part by the accumulation of reactive metabolites like glyoxal (GO), which induces retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration. Here, we demonstrate that GO triggers ferroptosis in human ARPE-19 cells, as characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, and reactive oxygen species […]
Mitochondria in Corneal Physiology and Pathology: A Mechanistic Perspective
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2025 Dec 23:101432. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101432. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The cornea is the eye’s outermost protective and refractive barrier whose physiological homeostasis depends on mitochondrial competence and dynamic stability. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are characterized by impaired electron transport chain efficiency, excessive reactive oxygen species generation, calcium dysregulation, and disrupted dynamics. Clinically, […]