Arsenic exposure promotes retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and oxidative stress via NF-κB pathway
Sci Rep. 2026 Jun 8. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-55608-4. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in older adults and is closely linked to dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Arsenic (As), a ubiquitous environmental toxicant present in drinking water and food, has been implicated in multiple chronic […]
12-month outcomes of photobiomodulation in dry age-related macular degeneration: a prospective multicentre randomised double-masked controlled clinical trial
Br J Ophthalmol. 2026 Jun 8:bjo-2025-328389. doi: 10.1136/bjo-2025-328389. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dry age-related macular degeneration (dAMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in older adults, with no approved treatment to modify progression in early and intermediate stages. Photobiomodulation (PBM), which targets mitochondrial dysfunction and retinal inflammation, has shown promise in […]
SIRT1: Protean roles at the nexus of health, disease, and therapeutics
J Cell Commun Signal. 2026 Jun 2;20(2):e70086. doi: 10.1002/ccs3.70086. eCollection 2026 Jun. ABSTRACT Silent mating type information regulators (sirtuins and SIRTs) have emerged as central nodes linking cellular metabolism to stress adaptation and diseases. SIRT1 stands out as a ubiquitously expressed, NAD+-dependent deacetylase with remarkably broad and sometimes paradoxical functions. Beyond its canonical roles in […]
A Novel LMX1A Frameshift Variant Underlies Familial Phenotypic Heterogeneity in DFNA7
Hum Mutat. 2026 May 30;2026:9930672. doi: 10.1155/humu/9930672. eCollection 2026. ABSTRACT Pathogenic variants in the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor LMX1A represent a rare yet critical etiology for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 7 (DFNA7) and less frequently, its autosomal recessive counterpart (ARNSHL). Here, we describe a novel heterozygous frameshift variant, LMX1A c.405delT (p.Phe135LeufsTer3), identified in a three-generation […]
MicroRNA-SIRT1 crosstalk in liver diseases: molecular regulation of metabolism, inflammation, and cell survival
Mol Biol Rep. 2026 Jun 6;53(1):899. doi: 10.1007/s11033-026-12062-9. ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 are critical regulators of hepatic metabolism, inflammation, and stress responses. Growing evidence suggests that miRNA-SIRT1 interactions are frequently disrupted during the pathogenesis of liver diseases, including Metabolism-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease, Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI), fibrosis, […]
Spotlight on cGAS-STING: role in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential
Mol Biomed. 2026 Jun 5;7(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s43556-026-00478-5. ABSTRACT The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway represents a cornerstone of innate immunity, functioning as the primary cytosolic DNA sensor in mammalian cells. Upon detecting pathogenic DNA or mislocalized self-DNA (such as leaked mitochondrial or micronuclear DNA), cGAS synthesizes the second messenger cGAMP, […]
The Efficacy of Nicotinamide in Maintaining Mean Deviation in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review
Cureus. 2026 Jun 3;18(6):e110196. doi: 10.7759/cureus.110196. eCollection 2026 Jun. ABSTRACT Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness worldwide and is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell loss and visual field deterioration. Although intraocular pressure reduction remains the cornerstone of management, disease progression may occur despite optimal treatment. Nicotinamide, a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, has […]
A case report of atypical optic neuritis
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2026 Feb 28;51(2):350-358. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2026.240683. ABSTRACT Optic neuritis is a severe blinding ocular disease, and identifying its etiology is crucial for selecting appropriate treatment strategies and evaluating patient prognosis. This paper reports the clinical data of a patient initially presenting with unilateral visual decline who was […]
In vitro assessment of cetalkonium chloride induced damage in human corneal keratocytes
Toxicol In Vitro. 2026 Jun 3:106266. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2026.106266. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT This study aimed to conduct an in vitro assessment of the concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects of cetalkonium chloride (CKC), a preservative used in ophthalmic preparations, on human corneal keratocytes and to investigate its underlying cellular mechanisms of toxicity. Primary human corneal […]
Mitochondrial C3aR and endoplasmic reticulum C5aR orchestrate calcium imbalance during oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Mitochondrion. 2026 Jun 3:102172. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2026.102172. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Although C3a and C5a are classically recognized as extracellular anaphylatoxins, we previously identified mitochondrial C3a receptors (mt-C3aR) in stressed RPE cells, where its activation enhanced Ca2+ uptake and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Here, we demonstrate a second intracellular anaphylatoxin receptor, C5aR, localized to the […]