Microglial immunometabolism in Alzheimer’s disease: A stage-resolved trajectory from adaptive remodeling to the metabolic paradox
Biomed Pharmacother. 2026 Aug 8;202:119841. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2026.119841. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Microglia are central regulators of the cellular phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Under chronic exposure to amyloid-β, pathological tau, and aging-associated bioenergetic decline, these cells undergo immunometabolic remodeling that may initially be adaptive. As stress persists, this remodeling can become maladaptive, marked by […]
Retinal ganglion cell autophagy: a housekeeper essential for neuronal homeostasis and survival
Autophagy Rep. 2026 Aug 5;5(1):2710457. doi: 10.1080/27694127.2026.2710457. eCollection 2026. ABSTRACT Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the sole projection neurons of the retina and the only direct link between retinal circuitry and the brain. Maintaining this lifelong connection requires constitutive autophagy to preserve organelle quality control and neuronal homeostasis. Although autophagy has been widely studied following […]
Engineering cuproptosis with nanomedicine: Design, combination therapy, and translation in cancer
Mater Today Bio. 2026 Jul 15;39:103466. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103466. eCollection 2026 Aug. ABSTRACT Cuproptosis is a distinct form of regulated cell death triggered by copper and characterized by the aggregation of lipoylated mitochondrial proteins, destabilization of iron-sulfur cluster proteins, and proteotoxic stress. Unlike nonspecific copper toxicity, cuproptosis depends on a defined biochemical context shaped by FDX1-associated […]
Immunological drivers of oxidative stress in glaucoma: implications for antioxidant therapy
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2026 Aug 8. doi: 10.1007/s00417-026-07445-4. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by RGC loss and irreversible visual impairment, representing the second leading cause of global blindness. Immune-inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are core pathological drivers of glaucomatous optic nerve degeneration, forming a vicious cycle […]
Ginkgolide B protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway
Front Med (Lausanne). 2026 Jul 24;13:1755596. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1755596. eCollection 2026. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Ginkgolide B (GB) protects retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, and to explore the potential involvement of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. METHODS: Human […]
DARS2 Promotes Tumorigenesis and Metastasis by Activating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer
Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2026 Aug 7:e70267. doi: 10.1002/kjm2.70267. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (DARS2), the mitochondrial enzyme responsible for aminoacylation of aspartyl-tRNA, is traditionally known for its effect on protein synthesis. Recently, DARS2 is reported to be implicated in tumorigenesis. However, its specific effect on breast cancer (BC) is poorly understood. […]
Single-Cell atlas of aqueous humor outflow in glaucomatous Non-Human Primates identified MGP as a regulator of ECM remodeling
Exp Eye Res. 2026 Aug 6:111191. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2026.111191. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: This study investigated the heterogeneity and molecular alterations of trabecular meshwork (TM) in glaucomatous non-human primates, aiming to identify potential pathogenic genes and signaling pathways involved in glaucoma. METHODS: TM tissues were analyzed using 10x Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing on the […]
A boronate-phenolic network nanoplatform carrying dimethyl itaconate for ameliorating neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Biomaterials. 2026 Aug 4;337:124528. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2026.124528. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), particularly its neovascular form driven by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), remains leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy offers limited efficacy, indicating that monotherapies targeting the downstream VEGF pathway cannot meet clinical needs, thus highlighting […]
MENTSH: A novel mitochondrial microprotein linked to a SNP associated with type 2 diabetes
Theranostics. 2026 Jul 20;16(14):8180-8194. doi: 10.7150/thno.134637. eCollection 2026. ABSTRACT RATIONALE: Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are growing threats to human health, and their genetic basis is complex and not fully understood. Furthermore, the mitochondrial genome has been shown to encode for many microproteins that have a variety of biological effects. In this study we […]
Gas-6 Scavenges Anionic Phospholipid-Expressing Microparticles and Mitigates TBI-Induced Endotheliopathy and Coagulopathy in Mice
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2026 Aug 6. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.126.324955. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in the release of microparticles from injured brain cells into circulation. These microparticles induce a systemic hypercoagulable state that rapidly transitions into secondary coagulopathy and endotheliopathy. We hypothesize that removing these microparticles from circulation could […]