Nrf2 Activated by PD-MSCs Attenuates Oxidative Stress in a Hydrogen Peroxide-Injured Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Line
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Oct 25;14(11):1279. doi: 10.3390/antiox14111279. ABSTRACT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal degenerative disease caused by oxidative stress. Thus, we aimed to reduce oxidative stress through the use of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs). To induce oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells, we treated them with 200 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 2 […]
Thermodynamic Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation: Nanothermometry, Energy-Stress Dynamics, and Predictive Entropy in Glial-Vascular Networks
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Nov 14;26(22):11022. doi: 10.3390/ijms262211022. ABSTRACT Homeostasis, which supports and maintains brain function, results from the continuous regulation of thermodynamics within tissue: the balance of heat production, redox oscillations, and vascular convection regulates coherent energy flow within the organ. Neuroinflammation disturbs this balance, creating measurable entropy gradients that precede structural damage […]
Mitochondrial Macular Dystrophy-A Case Report and Mini Review of Retinal Dystrophies
J Clin Med. 2025 Nov 20;14(22):8236. doi: 10.3390/jcm14228236. ABSTRACT Background: Retinal dystrophies are often challenging to diagnose. At early stages, they may resemble benign retinal pigment epithelium alterations and drusen present in otherwise healthy individuals. With the increased incidence of autoimmunity-related disorders and new treatments for retinal dystrophies on the horizon, thorough investigations and making […]
Nicotinamide and Pyruvate as Potential Therapeutic Interventions for Metabolic Dysfunction in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma-A Narrative Review
J Clin Med. 2025 Nov 10;14(22):7954. doi: 10.3390/jcm14227954. ABSTRACT Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been suggested as potential contributors to the initiation and progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Nicotinamide and pyruvate are important in the human body for maintaining metabolic function and preserving cytoskeletal structures. Both substances show an age-dependent decline in humans […]
Transcriptome analyses of human corneal endothelial cell lines derived from patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy
Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 26;15(1):42140. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-26025-w. ABSTRACT Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) is an age-related disorder that affects about 4% of the population over the age of 40 years and is genetically associated with CTG repeat expansion in Transcription factor-4 (TCF4) gene. Although both genetic variants as well as environmental exposures like ultraviolent-A light […]
Integrative Mechanisms and Emerging Therapies for Lacrimal Gland Aging
Aging Dis. 2025 Nov 12. doi: 10.14336/AD.2025.1144. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT To synthesize current evidence on structural, cellular, metabolic, and neuro-immune mechanisms of lacrimal gland (LG) aging in humans and animal models, and to map translational strategies for age-related aqueous-deficient dry eye (ADDE). Narrative synthesis of clinical tear-function studies; human histopathology/biobank data; and mechanistic […]
EPO-R76E Enhances Retinal Pigment Epithelium Viability Under Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Induced by Paraquat
Cells. 2025 Nov 14;14(22):1794. doi: 10.3390/cells14221794. ABSTRACT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, primarily driven by oxidative stress-induced degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Erythropoietin (EPO), a hematopoietic cytokine with neuroprotective properties, has been shown to reduce apoptosis and retinal degeneration. In this study, we examined the cytoprotective role […]
Sestrin2 Exerts a Novel Protective Effect Against LPS-Induced Ferroptosis via the Nrf2-SLC7A11-GPX4 Signaling Axis
FASEB J. 2025 Nov 30;39(22):e71251. doi: 10.1096/fj.202501348RRR. ABSTRACT Uveitis is a leading cause of visual impairment linked to systemic inflammatory diseases. Current corticosteroid treatments are limited by significant long-term side effects. Sestrin 2 (SESN2), a stress-responsive antioxidant protein, is implicated in the regulation of ferroptosis and inflammation. This study investigates SESN2’s role in modulating inflammation […]
Andrographolide Promotes Ferroptosis in Pancreatic Cancer via Targeting and Activating HSP90/GPX4 Ubiquitination
Biofactors. 2025 Nov-Dec;51(6):e70063. doi: 10.1002/biof.70063. ABSTRACT Pancreatic adenocarcinoma accounts for 90% of pancreatic cancer cases, the deadliest kind. PC patients’ poor immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and other responses lead to a generally failed treatment strategy. Thus, understanding molecular processes is essential for creating novel PC therapies. The natural chemical andrographolide (ADG) from Andrographis paniculata shows anticancer properties […]
Metformin protects retinal ganglion cells in a preclinical model of retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and stabilizes visual field in diabetic patients with glaucoma
Cell Death Discov. 2025 Nov 24;11(1):546. doi: 10.1038/s41420-025-02824-y. ABSTRACT Metformin, a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, has gained attention as a promising neuroprotective agent due to its pleiotropic effects – including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and autophagy-enhancing properties. Here we provide both preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrating the neuroprotective effects of metformin in the context of […]