Therapeutic Modulation of the Nox2-Hv1-ROS Axis by Botulinum Neurotoxin A Confers Protection Against CoCl2-Induced Retinal Hypoxic Injury
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Nov 6;26(21):10806. doi: 10.3390/ijms262110806. ABSTRACT Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are key drivers of various ocular diseases. Experimental hypoxia, modeled using cobalt chloride (CoCl2), induces hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) stabilization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, primarily via the NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2)-voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 axis. Although […]
Update on Nicotinamide and Its Application in the Management of Glaucoma
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Nov 6;26(21):10789. doi: 10.3390/ijms262110789. ABSTRACT Glaucoma continues to be a primary contributor to permanent vision loss worldwide, frequently advancing even when intraocular pressure management is clinically adequate. Accumulating research emphasizes the metabolic susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), specifically concerning the progressive depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a pivotal […]
Dry Eye Disease and Psychiatric Disorders: Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Nov 3;26(21):10699. doi: 10.3390/ijms262110699. ABSTRACT Dry eye disease (DED) is a highly prevalent multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface that extends beyond local tear film pathology to involve systemic immune, neuroendocrine, and neurosensory mechanisms. Increasing evidence reveals a strong and bidirectional association between DED and psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, anxiety, […]
Diet, Exercise, and Lifestyle in Glaucoma: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Nutrients. 2025 Oct 27;17(21):3369. doi: 10.3390/nu17213369. ABSTRACT Glaucoma is a major ocular neurodegenerative disease and a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with prevalence projected to exceed 110 million by 2040. Although lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the only proven treatment, glaucoma arises from a complex interplay of genetic, local, and systemic factors-including oxidative stress, […]
Molecular mechanisms of 10-butyl ether minocycline, a novel nonantibiotic tetracycline, as a potential treatment for inflammatory and neuroimmune-related disorders
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2025 Oct 10;392(11):103748. doi: 10.1016/j.jpet.2025.103748. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The pleiotropy of minocycline (MINO), including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimigratory, anti-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and neuroprotective effects, has been extensively reported. A novel nonantibiotic MINO derivative, 10-butyl ether minocycline (BEM), was synthesized to retain the pleiotropy of MINO while minimizing side effects such […]
Kyphoscoliosis peptidase deficiency-induced myofibrillar degeneration, focal depletion of mitochondria, and protein aggregation: A true myofibrillar myopathy?
J Neuromuscul Dis. 2025 Nov 12:22143602251387026. doi: 10.1177/22143602251387026. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Homozygous KY variants have been described to cause congenital myopathy, myofibrillar myopathy type 7, and hereditary spastic paraplegia. We report the findings in two families harboring the homozygous missense NM_178554.4:c.727T > C p.(Cys243Arg) and splice site NM_178554.4:c.710 + 1G > A KY […]
Mechanisms Underlying Myopia Progression from Visual Signaling to Metabolic Remodeling in Retina
JMA J. 2025 Oct 15;8(4):1031-1038. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2025-0268. Epub 2025 Aug 1. ABSTRACT Myopia has emerged as a major global health concern due to its rising prevalence and the associated risk of irreversible visual impairment. Although scleral and choroidal changes have traditionally received emphasis, recent studies highlight the retina as a key contributor to the onset […]
Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy adds the retina to cortical pathology for visual dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases
Front Neurol. 2025 Oct 23;16:1659264. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1659264. eCollection 2025. ABSTRACT Because neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases [AD and PD] as well as the progressive forms of multiple sclerosis [MS] are invariably associated with clinically significant cortical symptoms such as language difficulties, motor skill deficits and cognitive impairments, especially memory, a tacit assumption […]
Molecular hydrogen mitigates acetaminophen-induced liver injury and enhances the effects of N-acetylcysteine in diabetic mice
J Nutr Biochem. 2025 Nov 7:110176. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.110176. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose induces severe liver injury, especially in diabetic patients. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is commonly used as an approved antidote for APAP toxicity; however, its narrow therapeutic window limits its clinical utility. This study investigated the protective effects of molecular hydrogen (H₂) […]
Piperine alleviates retinal ischemic injury by mediating the APE1 signaling
Neurotherapeutics. 2025 Nov 7:e00781. doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00781. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Ischemic retinal damage is the most common cause of severe vision impairment and blindness. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have transformed the treatment of retinal ischemic disorders and have become the cornerstone therapy for these conditions. Nonetheless, the risk for systemic and ocular […]