SGLT-2 inhibitors beyond diabetes: A new frontier in cancer treatment
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2025 Sep 26:112925. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112925. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, a new class of antidiabetic medications including canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, ipragliflozin, and empagliflozin, recently came to light as possible anti-cancer therapeutics. The confirmed presence of SGLT-2 in many cancer cell lines further substantiates their potential as therapeutic […]
Iron: More than Meets the Eye
Nutrients. 2025 Sep 16;17(18):2964. doi: 10.3390/nu17182964. ABSTRACT Iron is an essential micronutrient integral to ocular physiology, supporting biochemical processes such as mitochondrial respiration, DNA synthesis and phototransduction. Disruptions in systemic or local iron homeostasis, whether due to overload or deficiency, have been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of a broad range of anterior and posterior […]
First Case in Lithuania of an Autosomal Recessive Mutation in the DNAJC30 Gene as a Cause of Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Genes (Basel). 2025 Aug 23;16(9):993. doi: 10.3390/genes16090993. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is the most common mitochondrial disorder and an inherited optic neuropathy. Recently, two different LHON inheritance types have been discovered: mitochondrially inherited LHON (mtLHON) and autosomal recessive LHON (arLHON). Our case report is the first diagnosed case of arLHON in a […]
Imeglimin Alleviates High-Glucose-Induced Bioenergetic and Oxidative Stress Thereby Enhancing Intercellular Adhesion in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 12;26(18):8913. doi: 10.3390/ijms26188913. ABSTRACT To elucidate the effects of the new antidiabetic agent, imeglimin (Ime, 2 mM), on high-glucose-induced cellular stress in cardiac cells, its effects were compared with those of the conventional antidiabetic agent metformin (Met, 2 mM) based on various cellular pathophysiological functions. H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were cultured […]
Beyond the Eye: Glaucoma and the Brain
Brain Sci. 2025 Aug 28;15(9):934. doi: 10.3390/brainsci15090934. ABSTRACT Glaucoma is traditionally classified as an ocular disease characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve damage. However, emerging evidence suggests that its pathophysiology may extend beyond the eye, involving trans-synaptic neurodegeneration along the visual pathway and structural changes within central brain regions, including […]
Bmal1 deletion alters mitochondrial microstructure and function in mouse cone photoreceptors
iScience. 2025 Aug 22;28(9):113425. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.113425. eCollection 2025 Sep 19. ABSTRACT The mammalian retina contains an autonomous circadian system that regulates ocular physiology. The deletion of the core clock gene Bmal1 in the mouse retina disrupts retinal circuitry, alters cone spectral identity, and reduces cone viability. Cone photoreceptors have the highest energy demand among retinal […]
Stress-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in endothelial cells disrupts blood-retinal barrier integrity causing neurodegeneration
Mol Ther. 2025 Sep 23:S1525-0016(25)00766-X. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.09.037. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Increased vascular leakage and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction are major features of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated the mechanisms leading to EC dysregulation and asked whether altered mitochondrial dynamics in ECs impinge on vascular barrier integrity and neurodegeneration. We show that ocular hypertension, […]
Genetic and Clinical Investigations of C12orf65 Gene Mutations in Three Chinese Pedigrees
J Neuroophthalmol. 2025 Sep 25. doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000002378. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: C12orf65 (chromosome 12 open reading frame 65) gene encodes a mitochondrial matrix protein essential for the release of newly synthesized proteins from mitochondrial ribosomes. Biallelic pathogenic variants result in loss of function in the protein complex necessary for oxidative phosphorylation. Pathogenic C12orf65 […]
A new genotype of the IDH3A gene causes retinitis pigmentosa, generating functional dyschromatopsia from early childhood
Ophthalmic Genet. 2025 Sep 24:1-6. doi: 10.1080/13816810.2025.2563909. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: We report the case of a 42-year-old Venezuelan woman with childhood-onset autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa type 90 (RP90), presenting an unusual and distinctive clinical phenotype characterized by macular pseudocoloboma, very early-onset acquired color vision disorder progressing to severe functional dyschromatopsia, and early-onset […]
LHPP Attenuates Lipid Dysfunction of Uveal Melanoma by Relieving the Histidine Phosphorylation of ACO2
Research (Wash D C). 2025 Sep 22;8:0896. doi: 10.34133/research.0896. eCollection 2025. ABSTRACT Histidine phosphorylation, the neglected but vital phosphoproteome, is a reversible posttranslational modification catalyzed by histidine kinases and erased by phosphohistidine (pHis) phosphatases (e.g., LHPP). Traditional types of phosphorylation have been implicated with the deadliest adult ocular tumor uveal melanoma (UM), which is lipid […]